山海經·大荒南經 Classic of the Great Wilds: South

Beyond the Southern Sea, west of the Red River and east of the Shifting Sands, there is a beast with heads on both its left and right sides, named the Chuti. There are three azure beasts standing joined side by side, named the Shuangshuang.

There is Mount E. In the midst of the Southern Sea is Mount Sitian, where the Red River terminates.

East of the Red River lies the Wilderness of Cangwu, where Shun and Shujun are buried. There are patterned cowries, Liyu birds, bojiu owls, eagles, jia birds, Weiwei [Yanwei] serpents, brown bears, grizzly bears, elephants, tigers, leopards, wolves, and shirou (flesh-lingots).

There is Mount Rong, from which the Rong River emerges. South of the Black River is a black serpent that devours large deer.

There is Mount Wu; to its west is the Yellow Bird. The Thearch's medicines consist of eight purifications; the Yellow Bird on Mount Wu watches over this black serpent.

In the midst of the Great Wilds is Mount Buting, where the Rong River terminates. There are people with three bodies; Thearch Jun's wife Ehuang gave birth to this Country of Three Bodies, bearing the surname Yao, eating millet, and controlling four beasts. There is an abyss square on four sides, extending to all four corners, adjoining the Black River to the north and the Great Wilds to the south: the northern pool is named the Abyss of Shaohe, and the southern pool is named the Abyss of Cong, where Shun bathed.

There is also Mount Cheng, where the Sweet Waters terminate. There is the Country of Jiyu, descendants of Zhuanxu, who eat millet. There is the Country of Feathered People (Yumin), whose people all sprout feathers. There is the Country of Egg People (Luanmin), whose people all hatch from eggs.

In the midst of the Great Wilds is Mount Bujiang, where the Black River terminates. There is Mount Jia, from which the Qi River emerges. There is Mount Yan. There is Mount Dengbei. There is Mount Jiajia. There is Mount Pu, from which the Li River emerges. There is Mount Kui, whose west yields cinnabar and whose east yields jade. Further south is a mountain from which the Piao River emerges. There is Mount Wei and Mount Cui.

There is the Country of Yingmin, bearing the surname Yu, eating millet. There are also people who feed on tree leaves.

There is the Country of the Immortals (Busi), bearing the surname E, who feed upon the Sweet Tree.

In the midst of the Great Wilds is a mountain named Quzhi. In the south pole fruits ripen, in the north they fail to form, but on Quzhi they flourish.

On the islets of the Southern Sea is a deity with a human face, wearing two green serpents as earrings and treading upon two red serpents, named Buting Huyu.

There is a deity named Yinyinhu—the south is named Yinhu, and the arriving wind is named Humin—who dwells at the south pole to send forth and welcome the winds.

There is Mount Xiang. There is Mount Chongyin. There are people who eat meat, named Jili. Thearch Jun begot Jili, hence it is called the Country of Jili. There is the Min Abyss. Shaohao begot Beifa, and Beifa descended to dwell at the Min Abyss. There is a body of water square on four sides, named the Altar of Jun.

There is the Country of the Zhimin People. Thearch Shun begot Wuyin, who descended to dwell in Zhi, and they are called the Shaman Zhi People. The Shaman Zhi People bear the surname Pan and eat grain; without spinning or weaving they are clothed, and without sowing or harvesting they are fed. Here dwell singing and dancing birds: the luan birds sing spontaneously, and the feng birds [fenghuang] dance spontaneously. Here all manner of beasts live together in harmonious flocks, and the hundred grains gather.

In the midst of the Great Wilds is a mountain named Rongtian, into which the seawater pours from the south.

There was a being named Zaochi (Chisel-Teeth); Yi the Archer slew him.

There is Mount Yu, and the Country of Yumin People, bearing the surname Sang, who eat millet and shoot yu water-monsters for food. There is a man drawing a bow to shoot a yellow serpent, called a Yu person.

There is Mount Song, where dwell red serpents named the Yu serpents. There is a tree growing on the mountain named the Feng Tree (Maple). The maple tree is what the discarded shackles and fetters of Chiyou transformed into.

There is a being with square teeth and a tiger's tail, named the Corpse of Zuzhuang.

There are pygmies, named the Country of Jiaoyao; they bear the surname Ji, and eat fine grains.

In the midst of the Great Wilds is a mountain named Xiantu, where the Green River terminates. There is Mount Yunyu (Cloud-Rain), where grows a tree named Luan.

Yu attacked Yunyu; there was a red stone upon which grew the Luan tree, with a yellow trunk, red branches, and green leaves, from which the various thearchs gathered medicine.

There is a country named Bofu; Zhuanxu begot Bofu, who eats millet. There is a country bearing the surname You. There is Mount Tiao, Mount Zong, Mount Xing, Mount He, Mount Chenzhou, and Mount Dongzhou. There is Mount Baishui, from which the White River emerges, forming the White Abyss, where the armies of Kunwu bathed.

There is a man named Zhang Hong, catching fish upon the sea. In the sea is the Country of Zhang Hong; they eat fish and control four beasts.

There are beings with bird beaks and wings, who are catching fish in the sea.

In the midst of the Great Wilds is a person named Huantou. Gun's wife was Shijing; Shijing's son was named Yanrong, who begot Huantou. Huantou has a human face, a bird's beak, and wings; he eats fish from the sea, and uses his wings as walking canes. They eat qi and ju vegetables and early-ripening grains. There is the Country of Huantou.

Thearch Yao, Thearch Ku, and Thearch Shun are buried on Mount Yue. Here are patterned cowries, Liyu birds, bojiu owls, eagles, jia birds, Yanwei two-headed serpents, shirou, brown bears, grizzly bears, tigers, and leopards; there are vermilion trees with red branches, blue flowers, and dark fruit. There is Mount Shen.

In the midst of the Great Wilds is a mountain named Tiantai, into which seawater pours from the south.

Beyond the southeastern sea, amid the Sweet Waters, lies the Country of Xihe. There is a woman named Xihe, who is bathing the suns in the Sweet Abyss. Xihe is the wife of Thearch Jun, and gave birth to the ten suns.

There is Mount Gaiyou, upon which are sweet hawthorns with red branches and trunks, yellow leaves, white blossoms, and black fruits. To the east are sweet flowering trees with red branches and yellow leaves. There are azure horses and red horses, named the Three Piebalds. There is shirou.

There are pygmies, named the Jun People (Mushroom People).

There is Mount Nanlei; here are discarded jade, azure horses, three piebalds, shirou, sweet flowers, and the gathering place of the hundred grains.