山海經·海內北經 Classic of Regions Within the Northern Seas

The lands within the seas, from the northwestern corner eastward.

The Xiongnu, the Country of Kaiti, and the Country of Lieren all lie together in the northwest. A minister of Erfu was named Wei; Wei and Erfu murdered Yayu. The Thearch thereupon fettered Wei on Mount Shushu, shackling his right foot, binding both hands behind his back, and tethering him to a tree atop the mountain. It lies northwest of Kaiti.

There is a person named Da Hangbo, who holds a dagger-axe. To his east lies the Country of Quanfeng (Dog-Enfeoffed). The Corpse of Erfu lies east of Da Hangbo.

The Country of Quanfeng is also called the Country of Quanrong; its inhabitants resemble dogs. There is a woman kneeling and serving food from a wooden bowl. There is a patterned horse with a white body, red mane, and eyes like yellow gold, named Jiliang; riding it grants a lifespan of a thousand years.

The Country of Ghosts (Guiguo) lies north of the Corpse of Erfu; its beings have human faces and a single eye. Another account says the deity Erfu lies to its east, a being with a human face and a serpent's body. The Tao Dog resembles a dog and is azure green; it devours people beginning from the head.

The Qiongqi resembles a tiger with wings; it devours people starting from the head, and its prey has disheveled hair. It dwells north of the Tao Dog. Another account says it eats starting from the feet.

The Terraces of Thearch Yao, Thearch Ku, Thearch Danzhu, and Thearch Shun each consist of two platforms; the terraces are square on four sides, located northeast of Kunlun.

The Great Wasp resembles a katydid. The Vermilion Moth resembles a moth.

The Jiao beings are striped like tigers, with swollen calves. They dwell east of the Qiongqi. Another account says they resemble humans. They are found north of the Ruins of Kunlun.

The Tafei has a human face and a beast's body, and is azure in color.

The Corpse of Jubi has a broken neck, disheveled hair, and lacks one hand.

The Huangou beings have beast heads and human bodies. Another account says the hedgehog-like beast resembles a dog and is yellow in color.

The Qi is a creature with a human body, a black head, and vertical eyes.

The Rong people have human heads with three horns.

In the Country of Linshi there is a rare beast as large as a tiger, displaying all five colors, with a tail longer than its body, named Zouwu; riding it allows one to travel a thousand li in a single day.

South of the Ruins of Kunlun is the Fan Forest, spanning three hundred li square.

The Abyss of Congji is three hundred ren deep; Bingyi makes his permanent capital here. Bingyi has a human face and rides upon two dragons. Another name is the Abyss of Zhongji.

On Mount Yangwu, the Yellow River emerges from its midst; on Mount Lingmen, the Yellow River emerges from its midst.

The Corpse of Prince Ye: his two hands, two thighs, chest, head, and teeth were all severed and scattered in different places.

The Great Marsh spans a hundred li square; it is where flocks of birds breed and shed their feathers, lying north of Mount Yanmen.

Mount Yanmen is where wild geese fly through the passes. It lies north of Gaoliu.

Gaoliu lies north of Dai.

Shun's wife Dengbishi gave birth to Xiaoming and Zhuguang, who dwell in the Great Marsh by the Yellow River; the supernatural brilliance of these two daughters can illuminate this place for a hundred li around. Another name is Dengbeishi.

The Eastern Hu (Donghu) dwell east of the Great Marsh.

The Yi People dwell east of the Eastern Hu.

The Country of Mo lies northeast of the Han River. Its territory was close to Yan, which destroyed it.

The Meng Bird dwells northeast of the Country of Mo; its plumage is patterned in red, yellow, and azure, and it faces east.