Yěniǎo

冶鳥Yeniao

The azure shape-shifting bird of southern deep mountains from the Soushen Ji: dove-sized, crafting ornate nests, directing woodcutters and transforming into human form.《搜神记》记载越地深山神鸟冶鸟:大如鸠而青色,穿树为巢,能语善化人形,越人尊为越祝之祖。

Form形貌

Like a dove, blue-green身如斑鸠翠碧

大如鳩,青色

Home巢穴

Bores hollows in great trees啄木凿树为巢

穿大樹,作巢

Change化形

Transforms into human form随性化现人貌

便作人形

Role祖神

Ancestral spirit of Yue shamans奉为巫祝初祖

越祝

Woodblock print from Gujin Tushu Jicheng showing the azure forest bird Yeniao perched gracefully by tree branches, inscribed 'Yeniao Tu'青色Azure plumage周身青色羽毛青色Azure plumage周身青色羽毛大如鳩Dove-sized torso体态如鸠鸽大如鳩Dove-sized torso体态如鸠鸽作巢Nesting wings穿木作巢双翼作巢Nesting wings穿木作巢双翼作人形Transforming limbs可化人形之爪作人形Transforming limbs可化人形之爪
越地深山中有鳥,名曰「冶鳥」

In the deep mountains of Yue there is a bird, named the Ye Bird.

搜神記·第12卷
'Yeniao Tu' (冶鳥圖), Gujin Tushu Jicheng 古今圖書集成, Qin Chong Dian, vol. 51 (Yeniao Section), woodblock print, 1726. Recorded in the Soushen Ji as 'Yeniao' and revered by ancient Yue shamans as their ancestral patron ('Yuezhu zhi zu'), hence also known colloquially as the Yuezhu Bird.清·陈梦雷等编《古今图书集成·禽虫典·冶鸟部》“冶鸟图”(雍正四年铜活字印本,版心题“冶鳥圖”)。《搜神记》载其名曰“冶鸟”,百越先民尊其为巫祝始祖(“越祝之祖”),后世因兼称“越祝鸟”。 · Public domain公有领域

Highlighted words: anatomy part · feature · form type — tap to jump标色词:形态部位 · 特征 · 形态类别,点击可跳转

The texts原文

Original Text & Translation原文与译文

搜神記·第12卷 · 搜神記·第12卷 · Wikisource

越地深山中有鳥,大如鳩,青色,名曰「冶鳥」,穿大樹,作巢,如五六升器,戶口逕數寸:周飾以土埡,赤白相分,狀如射侯。此鳥,白日見其形,是鳥也;夜聽其鳴,亦鳥也;時有觀樂者,便作人形,長三尺。越人謂此鳥是「越祝」之祖也。
In the deep mountains of the Yue lands there is a bird, large as a dove and azure-blue, named Yeniao; it bores into great trees to make nests shaped like five-or-six-liter vessels, with openings several inches wide, adorned with earthen mounds of alternating red and white like archery targets.

搜神記·第12卷 · 搜神記·第12卷 · Wikisource

越地深山中有鳥,大如鳩,青色,名曰「冶鳥」,穿大樹,作巢,如五六升器,戶口逕數寸:周飾以土埡,赤白相分,狀如射侯。此鳥,白日見其形,是鳥也;夜聽其鳴,亦鳥也;時有觀樂者,便作人形,長三尺。越人謂此鳥是「越祝」之祖也。
In the deep mountains of the Yue lands there is a bird, large as a dove and azure-blue, named Yeniao; it bores into great trees to make nests shaped like five-or-six-liter vessels, with openings several inches wide, adorned with earthen mounds of alternating red and white like archery targets.

Comparing the Books典籍对比

Gan Bao in the Soushen Ji details the Yeniao as a protective, azure shape-shifting bird of southern deep mountains that communes with human woodcutters and commands wild tigers to punish violators.

The story来历与故事

A sacred avian spirit of ancient southern wilderness: sized like a dove with brilliant azure plumage, nesting in ancient tree cavities decorated like archery targets. Revered by the Yue people as the ancestor of shamans, it can assume the form of a three-foot human to wander along mountain streams.

The Guardian Avian of the Yue Mountains越地深山与神鸟仙巢

In the Jin dynasty classic Soushen Ji, writer Gan Bao records that deep within t东晋干宝在《搜神记》卷十二中详载,越地深山绝巘之中生有神鸟名曰冶鸟。其体型如鸠而

In the Jin dynasty classic Soushen Ji, writer Gan Bao records that deep within the untamed mountains of Yue dwells the Yeniao, an avian roughly the size of a dove with shining azure feathers. It carves out spacious nests within the trunks of great ancient trees, decorating the circular entrances with red and white clays arranged like traditional target marks.

The bird acts as an intelligent sentinel of the forest. When woodcutters enter the woods, the Yeniao calls out sharp omens: if it cries 'Duo duo shang qu!' they must ascend the ridges; if it laughs continually without warning them away, felling wood is permitted. Should any person defile its sanctuary, fierce tigers arrive through the dark to guard the trees.

Shamanic Ancestry and Folklore Metamorphosis越祝之祖与人鸟共生信仰

Most remarkably, Gan Bao notes that the Yeniao is not bound by avian shape: at t《搜神记》最具灵气的一笔在于其化形之妙:冶鸟不仅白日为鸟、夜啼为鸟,闲暇观乐之际

Most remarkably, Gan Bao notes that the Yeniao is not bound by avian shape: at times of festival and leisure, it transforms into a human figure three feet tall, strolling down into mountain torrents to catch freshwater crabs and roast them peacefully beside human campfires.

This harmonious blending of avian divinity, forest conservation, and indigenous shamanism made the Yeniao a singular figure in classical Chinese animism, celebrated in modern eco-mythology as the primeval guardian of southern virgin forests.

Record档案

Record Card档案卡

TypeDivine Avian (forest-protecting shape-shifter)
Also known asSacred Yue Fowl; Ancestor of Shamans (Yuezhu)
Earliest sourceSoushen Ji 搜神記 (Records of the In Search of the Supernatural, juan 12)
PowersShape-shifts into a three-foot human; directs woodcutters with uncanny cries; commands tigers
HabitsDwells in ancient hollow trees; roast river crabs by forest fires in human form
SymbolismGuardian spirit of primeval southern rainforests and ancient Yue shamanism
Earliest source搜神記·第12卷
Source books搜神記·第12卷
Image sourceChen Menglei 陳夢雷 (ed.) · Wikimedia Commons
LicensePublic domain

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Yeniao in Chinese mythology?

The Yeniao is a sacred azure bird from the Soushen Ji that lives in hollow trees, guides woodcutters with uncanny cries, and can transform into a three-foot human.

How does the Yeniao protect the ancient forest?

According to the Soushen Ji, if anyone defiles the bird's tree sanctuary, tigers are summoned through the night to protect the grove and punish intruders.

Why is the Yeniao called the ancestor of Yue shamans?

Because of its supernatural foresight, ability to speak human omens, and shape-shifting powers, the ancient Yue people regarded it as the divine founder of their shamanic traditions.